Migration and Labour Market Integration in Late Nineteenth-Century England and Wales
نویسنده
چکیده
[Excerpt] There is a long and well established tradition of studies analysing the pattern and causes of internal migration and assessing the degree of labour market integration in late nineteenth-century Britain. Some studies document the flows of migrants from one area to another and describe migrant characteristics and the directions of the predominant streams of migration. Others analyse the determinants of gross or net migration flows at the region or county level. The questions implicit in these studies are: How mobile was the labour force? What were the major factors which determined individual decisions to migrate? How are these factors reflected in differences in migration flows between regions and in the pattern of long distance and short distance migration? Did labour mobility increase during the nineteenth century? There is also a strand of the literature which studies the effects of migration and labour mobility on the growth of industries, cities, and regions and above all on wage rates and wage differentials. The questions here are: How far did migration serve to integrate labour markets within and between regions and sectors? Do movements in regional and sectoral wage rates provide evidence of labour market integration? Did the degree of integration increase during the nineteenth century? In this article we provide a framework within which these questions can be addressed and which links together these two separate strands of the literature. Some of the existing literature is reviewed within this framework, and new evidence offered on the questions raised above. The article is organized as follows. In section I a simple framework is set out which stresses the links between migration and labour market integration. In section II the evidence on the character of migration flows, their magnitude and direction is examined. Section III focuses on the determinants of migration flows at the county level, particularly from rural southern counties. This is followed, in section W, with an examination of the effect of rural-urban migration on agricultural wage rates. Section V considers the evidence on regional labour market integration, and is followed by a brief conclusion summarizing the results.
منابع مشابه
Migration within England and Wales and the Housing Market
Economic conditions exert a strong influence on regional migration. On the one hand, strong labour market conditions, as exemplified by low unemployment rates and high earnings, draw migrants into regions. On the other hand, strong housing market conditions can prevent movement since commuting may often be an alternative to migration. This can be thought of as giving rise to a migration equilib...
متن کاملInformal caring and labour market outcomes within England and Wales
Informal Caring and Labour Market Outcomes Within England and Wales This paper focuses on the links between informal care provision and labour market activity at the sub-national level. Within-country analysis of this issue has been very limited to date despite the wide regional variations in informal care provision that often exist. This issue is important in the context of policy decisions in...
متن کاملHow Saucy did it Make the Poor? The Straw Plait and Hat Trades, Illegitimate Fertility and the Family in Nineteenth-Century Hertfordshire
The straw plait and hat industry provided considerable employment for women and children in south and west Hertfordshire in the nineteenth century, but was absent in much of the north and east. Many contemporaries felt it had a deleterious effect upon morality and the stability of the family, and its regional specificity within Hertfordshire allows these propositions to be tested through a comp...
متن کاملThe Influence of London on Labor Markets in Southern England, 1830-1914
Excerpt] Historians have long acknowledged that London, because of its enormous size and rapidly growing demand for labor, acted as a powerful magnet for migrants from throughout southern England. However, while there is a large literature documenting the flow of migrants to London, there have been surprisingly few attempts to determine the consequences of this migration for southern labor mark...
متن کاملSocioeconomic differentials in mortality: evidence from Glasgow graveyards.
Medical Journal, 1992. 14 Campbell JM, Cameron D, Jones DM. High maternal mortality in certain areas. London: HMSO, 1932. (Ministry of Health reports on public health and medical subjects No 68.) 15 Local Government Board. Thirty-ninth annual report 1909-10. Suppkment on infant and child mortality. London: HMSO, 1910. 16 Booth C. Life and labour of the people in London. First series: poverty. V...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2015